Health

Aplastic Anaemia 2021

Overview.

Aplastic anaemia is a condition that occurs when a person’s body stops producing enough new blood cells. Remember that red blood cells are. Important to the body because they help carry oxygen and nutrients to various cells in the body.

To get a deeper understanding of Aplastic Anaemia, let us, first of all, define the term Anaemia. The term anaemia means a deficiency or lack of an adequate amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the body of a person.

Patients with this condition are therefore usually more prone to infections, fatigued, and uncontrolled bleeding. It is very rare and can develop at any age. It occurs suddenly, or may otherwise develop slowly and worsen over time. This type of Anemia can be short-lived, or it can also become chronic. It can be severe and even fatal.

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Symptoms of Aplastic Anemia

Cases of it may be mild or severe. Signs and symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue (feeling of weakness)
  • Pale skin
  • Apnea (Shortness of breath)
  • Rapid or irregular heart rate
  • Infections that occur frequently or in a prolonged period.
  • Epistaxis (Nosebleeds)
  • bleeding gums
  • Prolonged bleeding in case of cuts
  • Fever
  • Skin rash
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness

N/B: Aplastic anaemia can have no symptoms.

Causes

In the human body, blood cells (Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets) are produced in the bone marrow. These cells are very important for the normal functioning of the human body. For example;

  • Red blood cells help in the transportation of nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body.
  • White blood cells are “soldiers of the body”, helping fight off infections.
  • Platelets, on the other hand, contain clotting factors that are important in forming clots thus preventing blood loss from the body.

In this condition, these stem cells become damaged. This result, the bone marrow becoming either Aplastic (empty) or hypoplastic (contains few blood cells). The immune system attacking the body’s stem cells in the bone marrow is the most common cause of Aplastic anaemia. Other factors that may interfere with bone marrow and therefore affecting the production of blood cell production include:

  • Pregnancy. Your immune system might attack your bone marrow during pregnancy.
  • Radiation and chemotherapy treatments. These treatment methods not only kill cancer cells but also have a tendency of damaging healthy cells (side effects) and therefore may lead to Aplastic anaemia.
  • Autoimmune disorders. In these conditions, the body’s immune attacks its healthy cells, therefore, destroying them.
  • Exposure to toxic chemicals. Present pesticides and insecticides have been linked to Aplastic Anemia. Exposure should be minimized.
  • A viral infection. For example HIV, hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus.
  • Use of certain medications. For example, drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and including some antibiotics.
  • Unknown factors. In many cases, doctors are not able to identify the cause of Aplasticanaemiaa (also known as idiopathic Aplastic Anemia).

N/B: The above may also be the risk factors for the condition.

Treatment

  • Treatment for Aplastic Anemia might include medications, blood transfusions, or a stem cell transplant. This is also known as a bone marrow transplant

aplastic anaemia treatment

Prevention

Avoiding exposure to insecticides, herbicides, and other toxic chemicals. This might lower the risk of developing this condition.

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